韵母Finals
现代汉语普通话的语音共有三十九个韵母，韵母是由元音或元音加鼻辅音构成的，可分为三类。
　　(1)只包含一个元音的是单韵母，如a,o.
　　(2)包含两三个元音的是复韵母，如ai,ua,iao.
　　(3)包含一两个元音和一个鼻音韵尾的是鼻韵母，如an,üan,eng,iong.
The phonetic symbols of Putonghua (Standard Chinese) in Modern Chinese comprises 39 finals that are composed of vowel or vowel followed by nasal consonants. These finals fall into three categories:
　　(1) simple finals which have only a single vowel, e.g.: a, o
　　(2) multi-finals which have two or three vowels, e.g.: ai, ua, iao, iou
　　(3) nasal finals which consist of one or two vowels and a nasal consonant e.g.: an, üan, eng, iong

发音要领Essentials of Pronunciation a:口大开，舌位低平，不圆唇。 The mouth is wide open. The tongue is flat and at its lowest position. The lips are not rounded.

发音要领Essentials of Pronunciation o:口半开，舌位稍高，圆唇。 The mouth is half open. The tongue is flat and at its lowest position. The lips are not rounded.

发音要领Essentials of Pronunciation e:开口度和舌位与o相同，但不圆唇。可先发o，然后嘴角稍向两边展开。 The opening of the mouth and the position of the tongue are identical with that for "o", but the lips are not rounded. It can be produced by pronouncing "o" and then spreading the lips towards the two sides.

发音要领Essentials of Pronunciation i:口微开，舌位高，偏前，舌尖自然抵住下齿，嘴角向两边展开，双唇呈扁平形。 The opening of the mouth is narrow. The tongue raised and pushed forward towards the position naturally against the lower teeth. the lips spread to the two sides into a flat position.

发音要领Essentials of Pronunciation u:口微开，舌后缩，舌面后部上升接近软腭，双唇紧缩呈圆形，只留一个小孔。 The opening of the mouth is narrow. The tongue is held back with its back raised close to the soft palate. The lips are forced into a narrow and round position with only a small opening left.

发音要领Essentials of Pronunciation ü:舌位与i相同，但双唇尽量收缩呈圆形。 It is pronounced with the tongue in position for i, but the lips are forced into a round position.